Friction is a Force - Student Misconceptions

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Publication Date: April, 2014

Type of Resource: Teacher background info

This resource discusses student misconceptions about friction.

The resource provides teaching strategies for teaching about friction as a contact force. It also includes critical teaching ideas and research about student alternative conceptions.

Critical teaching ideas covered:

Explaining friction as the idea that all surfaces have tiny bumps.
When two surfaces slide over one another the tiny bumps push on each other.
Friction causes a force on a surface which is in the opposite direction to its motion.
Friction can be reduced by the application of lubricants.

New Australian Curriculum 9 Codes: AC9S4U03 (Year 4)

Australian Curriculum:

Year 4 > Science Understanding > Physical Sciences > Forces can be exerted by one object on another through direct contact or from a... > ACSSU076

Friction

Australian school science information support for teachers and technicians

Friction is a Force - Student Misconceptions

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(+)-(L)-aspartic acid
(-)-menthol
(E)-cinnamic acid
(Z)-2-butenedioic acid
(±)-camphor
(±)-limonene
1
1-butanol
1-dimethylethanol
1-heptadecanecarboxylic acid
1-hydroxybutane
1-hydroxyhexane
1-hydroxynaphthalene
1-hydroxyoctane
1-hydroxypropane
1-naphthalenol
1-naphthol
1-naphthylacetic acid
1-octane
1-propanecarboxylic acid
100-42-5
100-66-3
100-97-0
10022-31-8
10025-69-1
10025-73-7
10026-22-9
10031-43-3
10034-85-2
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10H-9-oxoanthracene
110-15-6
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135-19-3
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14634-91-4
149-91-7
15610-76-1
15630-89-4
1633-00-7
1633-05-2
16674-78-5
16731-55-8
16788-57-1
16903-35-8
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1733-12-6
17372-87-1
1762-95-4
1787-61-7
18480-07-4
1934-21-0
1936-15-8
2
2-(acetyloxy)-benzoic acid
2-(naphthalen-1-yl)acetic acid
2-acetoxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride
2-aminoacetic acid
2-bornanone
2-butanone
2-butyl alcohol
2-camphanone
2-carboxyphenol
2-dihydroxyethane
2-diol
2-diphenylethanone
2-ethanediol
2-ethoxyethanol
2-hydroxy butane
2-hydroxy-1
2-hydroxy-1 2-diphenylethanone
2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone
2-hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid
2-hydroxybenzoic acid
2-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester
2-hydroxybenzoic acid phenyl ester
2-hydroxyheptane
2-hydroxynaphthalene
2-hydroxypentane
2-hydroxypropane
2-hydroxypropanetricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxypropionic acid
2-methoxy ethanol
2-methyl acrylic acid methyl ester
2-methyl-2-propanol
2-methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester
2-methyl-propan-1-ol
2-methylbutan-2-ol
2-methylpropan-2-ol
2-methylpropyl alcohol
2-pentanone
2-propanediol
2-propanone
2243-76-7
22464-76-2
2437-29-8
25213-24-5
26499-65-0
27610-45-3
2869-83-2
28983-56-4
3-Indoleacetic Acid
3-methylbutyl ethanoate
3-pentanone
3-phenylacrylic acid
3-propanetriol
3-pyridinecarboxylic acid
3-second rule
302-95-4
3164-29-2
333-20-0
3486-35-9
3522-50-7
36617-18-2
36653-82-4
39409-82-0
3983-19-5
3D Printer
4'-bromoacetanilide
4-(4-Nitrophenylazo)-resorcinol
4-(β-D-galactosido)-D-glucose
4-allylguaiacol
4-hydroxy-m-anisaldehyde
4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester
4-methyl-2-pentanone
409-21-2
41945-48-6
4197-24-4
4197-25-5
463-79-6
471-34-1
477-73-6
485-47-2
493-52-7
497-19-8
5-Methylresorcinol
5-[(p-Nitrophenyl)azo]-salicylic acid
50-70-4
50-78-2
50-99-7
504-15-4
506-87-6
507-19-7
507-20-0
513-77-9
5144-89-8
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540-72-7
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59-67-6
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590-28-3
592-41-6
592-84-7
593-45-3
5970-45-6
5Es
6-(N-benzylamino)purine
6-35-4
6-aminopurine
6-BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
60-10-6
60-31-1
60-33-3
60-35-5
6009-70-7
6032-29-7
6046-93-1
61-73-4
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67701-03-5
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68477-30-5
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78-83-1
78-92-2
78-93-3
7803-55-6
7803-63-6
79-09-4
79-20-9
79-33-4
80-62-6
8000-34-8
8000-48-4
8001-31-8
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8008-20-6
8009-03-8
8012-95-1
8013-01-2
8032-32-4
804-63-7
8047-15-2
8048-52-0
8052-41-3
81-88-9
813-94-5
814-87-9
82-94-0
842-07-9
85-44-9
86-74-8
86-87-3
860-22-0
866-84-2
87-51-4
87-69-4
877-24-7
88-99-3
89-78-1
89-83-8
9-Azafluorene
9-hydroxyxanthene
90-15-3
90-46-0
9000-59-3
9000-70-8
9000-92-4
9001-57-4
9001-62-1
9001-75-6
9001-98-3
9002-07-7
9002-13-5
9002-18-0
9002-86-2
9004-35-7
9005-25-8
9012-36-6
9012-54-8
9014-01-1
9028-79-9
9032-75-
91-20-3
92-31-9
92-83-1
921-53-9
93-58-3
93-89-0
93-99-2
94349-60-7
95-45-4
96-22-0
97-53-0
97-67-6
98-11-3
98-88-4
99-76-3
9H-xanthen-9-ol
abiotic
Aboriginal
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders histories and cultures
ABS filament
absolute magnitude
absorption
Ac
accelerated motion
acceleration
accelertion
acetaldehyde trimer
acetate buffer
acetic acid
acetic acid amide
acetic acid butyl ester
acetic acid chloride
acetic acid ethyl ester
acetic acid isoamyl ester
acetic acid isopentyl ester
acetic acid methyl ester
acetic acid propyl ester
acetic aldehyde
acetic orcein stain
acetidin
acetone
acetyl anhydride
acetylaniline
acetylcellulose
acetylcholine hydrochloride
acetylcholinium chloride
acetylene
acetylsalicylicacid
acid
Acid black 1
Acid Blue 147
acid orange 10
Acid Orange 5
Acid Orange 52
acid rain
Acid Red 2
Acid Red 87
acid red 94
acid soils
acid spill
acid yellow 23
Acid yellow 73
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ACSSU188
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ACT
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adaptation
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adeninimine
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aerodynamics
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Ag
agar
agar dishes
agar nutrient
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agar-agar
age of the Universe
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air friction
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aluminic hydroxide
aluminium
aluminium (III) hydroxide
aluminium ammonium sulphate dodechydrate
aluminium potassium sulfate
aluminium powder
aluminium sulphate
aluminium triacetate
aluminium tribromide
aluminium trichloride
aluminium trinitrate
aluminium trisulfate
aluminium(III) acetate
aluminium(III) potassium disulphate
Aluminum
aluminum potassium sulfate
aluminum powder
Am
amber acid
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Amido Black
amidosulfonic acid
amidosulfuric acid
amines
aminoacetic acid
aminoethanoic acid
aminosuccinic acid
aminosulfonic acid
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ammeters
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ammonia solution 10%-35%
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ammonium ferric sulfate dodecahydrate
ammonium hydrogen carbonate
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ammonium hydroxide solution
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ammonium iron (III) sulfate
ammonium molybdate(VI)
ammonium nitrate
ammonium nitrate(1:1)
ammonium oxalate hydrate
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ammonium peroxodisulfate
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ammonium persulphate
ammonium rhodanide
ammonium sulfocyanide
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ammonium tetrachlorocuprate (II)
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Ba
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Balloons
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barium dinitrate
barium dioxide
barium hydroxide
barium hydroxide 8-water
barium nitrate
barium superoxide
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benzoline
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Biuret solution
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black hole
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Black Silicon Carbide
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Bleach
Bleaching powder
blind spot
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Blood typing
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butyl aldehyde
butyl bromide
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butyl ethanoate
butyl iodide
butyl methanoate
butyric acid butyl ester
butyric acid ethyl ester
butyric acid methyl ester
butyric acid propyl ester
C
C.I. 11050
C.I. 12055
C.I. 13020
C.I. 13025
C.I. 13080
C.I. 14030
C.I. 16230
C.I. 20470
C.I. 26150
C.I. 42000
C.I. 42135
C.I. 42510
C.I. 42535
C.I. 42555
C.I. 42585
C.I. 42590
C.I. 42780
C.I. 45170
C.I. 45350
C.I. 45380
C.I. 45440
C.I. 46000
C.I. 50040
C.I. 50240
C.I. 52015
C.I. 52040
C.I. 58000
C.I. 58005
C.I. 73015
C.I. 75290
C.I. 75470
C.I. 77499
C.I. 77577
C.I. 77728
C.I. Acid Blue 74
C.I. Basic Red 5
C.I. Basic Violet 1
C.I. Mordant Red 11
C.I. Pigment Black 11
C.I. Pigment Yellow 46
C.I. Solvent Black 3
C.I. Solvent Yellow 14
C.I.14645
C.I.19140
Ca
cabinet
caesium monochloride
calcined soda
calcite
calcium
calcium (II) nitrate tetrahydrate
calcium (II) sulfate half hydrate
calcium (II) sulphate dihydrate
calcium aluminium silicate
calcium aluminum silicate
calcium bis(dihydrogen phosphate)
calcium carbide
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calcium chloride dried
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Calcium hydroxide
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calf foetus
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Canada turpentine
canary litharge
cane sugar
cane toad
caproic acid
capronic acid
caproyl alcohol
Capryl alcohol
caprylene
caprylic alcohol
carbinol
carbon
carbon cycle
carbon dating
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide aqueous solution
carbonic acid
Carborundum
cardiovascular
care
career
caryophyllic acid
caryophyllus oil
CAS Number
catalase
Catalysis
catalyst
catalysts
catapult
catastrophe
catchment
caustic baryta
caustic potash
caustic soda
Cd
Ce
cell
cell differentiation
cell function
cell organelle
cell slides
cells
cellular respiration
cementation
ceramic
ceramic centre
Ceratophyllum demersum
ceric bisulfate
ceric disulfate
cerium disulfate
cerium disulphate
cesium chloride
cetyl alcohol
Cf
chalk
change
characteristics of life
charcoal activated
checklist
cheek cells
chemical
Chemical Abstract Service
chemical analysis
chemical bases
chemical cell
chemical change
Chemical classes
chemical clock
chemical container
chemical digestion
chemical disposal
chemical equations
chemical experiments
chemical formula
chemical label
chemical labelling
Chemical licencing
chemical management
Chemical manifest
chemical phases
chemical potential energy
Chemical preparation
chemical reactions
chemical register
Chemical registers
chemical resistant
chemical safety
Chemical Safety in Schools
chemical sciences
chemical security
chemical shelf life
chemical solution
chemical storage
Chemical storage cabinets
chemical storage legislation
Chemical store
chemical storeroom
Chemical user codes
chemical waste
chemical waste disposal
chemicals
chemistry
chemistry activity
chemistry laboratories
chemistry laboratory
chemistry parcticals
Chemistry practicals
chemistry skills
chemistry terminology
chemistry understanding
Chemwatch
chicken
chicken wing dissection
chile saltpetre
chlorine gas
Chlorine of lime
chloroauric
Chloroauric acid
chlorobutane
chromatography
chromia
chromic acid
chromic chloride
chromic nitrate
chromic oxide
chromium nitrate
chromium oxide green
chromium pieces
chromium sesquichloride
chromium trichloride hexahydrate
chromium trinitrate
chromium waste
chromium(III) nitrate
chromosome
chymosin
cinnamic acid ethyl ester
circuits
circular motion
circulation
circulatory system
cis-9-octadecenoic acid
cis-butenedioic acid
citric acid
citric acid anhydrous
citrus skin extract
citrus terpene
Cl
Classes of chemicals
classic chemistry experiements
classification
classify
classifying solids
CLE
cleaned
cleaning
Cleaning burettes
cleaning crucibles
clear bottles
clear glass bottles
climate
climate change
climate data
Climate science
clip-on Bunsen burners
clips
cloning
clothing
cloud
clouds
cloudy ammonia
Cm
Cn
Co
coal facings
Coal oil
coal-milled
coat
cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate
cobalt chloride
cobalt dichloride
cobaltous chloride
cobaltous chloride hexahydrate
cobaltous nitrate
Cochineal
coconut butter
code of practice
cohesion
cold
cold pack
collecting specimens
collision
colour
colour change
combustion
commercial fishing
common salt
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
compaction
compare
comparing minerals
compliance
compost
compound
Compound light microscope
compound microscope
compressed
compressed gas
computers
concentrated acid
concentration
condensation
conduction
conduction of electricity
conductivity
conductor
conductors and insulators
Condy's crystals
Connected Learning Experience
conservation
conservation of energy
conservation of mass
conserve
constant velocity
constellation
constellations
construction
construction dust
consumables
consumer
contact and noncontact forces
contact force
contact forces
container
contaminated food
contemporary
continental drift
control measures
convection
convergent
cooling
copper
copper (II) chloride
copper (II) nitrate trihydrate
copper (II) sulfate
copper carbonate
copper chloride dihydrate
copper diacetate hydrate
copper dichloride dihydrate
copper gauze
copper iodide
copper metal
copper monoxide
copper oxide black
copper oxide red
copper powder
copper powder reduced by hydrogen
copper sulfate
copper sulfate pentahydrate
copper sulfate powder
copper sulfide
copper sulphate
copper sulphate pentahydrate
copper sulphate powder
copper sulphide
copper(II) acetate hydrate
copra oil
Copyright
coral
coral bleaching
core
corn starch
Coronavirus
corrosion
corrosive
corrosive cabinet
corrosives
corrosives cabinet
cosmology
Cotton blue
courses
COVID-19
cow manure
Cr
crack
crater
creation
Creative Commons Attribution
cremated remains
Cresolphthalexon S
Cresolsulfophthalein
Crick
Crooke's Tube
crucible
crumple zone
crust
crystal making
crystalline ammonia
crystallisation
crystals
Cs
CSIS
Cu
culture
cupric bromide
cupric carbonate
Cupric chloride dihydrate
cupric diacetate monohydrate
cupric dichloride dihydrate
cupric nitrate trihydrate
cupric oxide
cupric sulfate
cupric sulfate pentahydrate
cuprous iodide
cuprous oxide
Currency of risk assessment
current
current electricity
cut off switches
cyanomethane
cyanuric acid
cycle
cycles
cyclohexane
Cyclohexene
cyclohexyl alcohol
cyclohexyl ketone
cyclone
cylinder trolley
cytoplasm
cytoplasmic streaming
D&C Yellow No. 8
D-(+)-galactose
D-(+)-glucose
D-(+)-Lactose
D-(+)-maltose
D-(+)-saccharose
D-(+)-sucrose
D-(+)-xylose
D-(-)-fructose
D-galactose: oxygen 6-oxidoreductase
D-Glucitol
D-mannitol
D-sorbitol
D-STEM
dam
dam construction
dangerous goods
Dangerous Goods Class
Dangerous Goods class diamonds
dark matter
dark side of the moon
Darling Scarp
data analysis
data collection
data logger
data logging
data-logger
database
datalogger
day
day and night
Db
DCM
decanedioyl chloride
decanedioyl dichloride
decanted chemicals
decanting
decay
deceleration
Decide variables to be changed and measured in fair tests, and observe measure and record data with accuracy using digital technologies as appropriate
decommissioning
decomposer
decomposition
decontaminated
decontamination
DECS Policy
DEK
deliquescent
demonstration
denatured alcohol
denatured collagen
denatured ethanol
Depth studies
Desalination
desert
desiccator
design
development
Devil's Marbles
dextrose
diacetyl dioxime
diaminoethane
diammonium carbonate
diammonium hydrogenphosphate
diammonium molybdate
diammonium orthophosphate
diammonium peroxydisulfate
diammonium tartrate
diammonium thiosulphate
diamonds
Diastase
diatomic chlorine
Diazine Green 5
dibenzopyran
Dibenzopyrrole
Dibromothymolsulfonphthalein
dichlorodiaquocopper
dichloromethane
dichromium trioxide
dicopper monoxide
diethyl amine
diffraction
diffusion
diffusion of gases
digestion
digestive enzyme
digestive protease
digestive system
digital photo
dihydrogen monosulfide
dihydrogen peroxide
diluting
dilution
dimethyl ketone
dinitrogen tetroxide
dioxomanganese
dipentene
diphenyl ketone
Diphenyleneimine
diphenylmethanone
diphenylthiocarbazone
diphosphorous pentoxide
dipotassium hydrogen phosphate/potassium dihydrogen
dipotassium orthophosphate
dipotassium oxalate
dipotassium peroxodisulfate
dipotassium peroxodisulphate
dipotassium persulfate
dipotassium tartrate
dipotassium tetraborate
disaster management
disasters
discharge tube
disease
dishwasher
disinfect
disinfectants
disinfecting
disinfecting microscopes
disodium dichromate
disodium ethanedioate
disodium hydrogen orthophosphate
disodium hydrogen phosphate
disodium metasilicate
disodium molybdate
disodium monohydrogen phosphate
disodium monosulfide
disodium pyrosulfite
disodium sulfate
disodium sulfite
disodium sulphide
disodium tartrate dihydrate
disodium tetraborate
disodium tetraborate decahydrate
displacement
Disposable gloves
disposal
disposal of chemicals
disposal of human remains
disposal of school equipment
dissection
dissection materials
dissolve
distance
distillation
distinguishing sounds
dithizon
dithizone
divergent
diversity
DL-camphor
DL-limonene
DL-malic acid
DNA
dodecanoic acid
dodecanoic acid eicosyl ester
dodecoic acid
domestic dishwasher
dominant
doors
double displacement reactions
double helix
drag
dreaming stories
drinking water
drones
dropper bottles
drought
dry chemicals
dry ice
Ds
duodecylic acid
dust
Dy
E Coli
E. coli K-12
E.coli
Early childhood
ears
earth
Earth and space sciences
earth movement
earth science
earth's core
earth's rotation
earth's spheres
Earth's surface
earthquake
earthquakes
eating in lab
ebola
ebola fever
ebook
EC Risk Assessment
echidna
eclipse
ecological footprint
ecology
economy
ecosystem
ecosystem management
ecosystems
Education Queensland
EEI
EEIs
effort
egg
egg-laying
Einstein's equation
eka-caesium
eka-radium
eka-radon
eka-thallium
elainic acid
elastic potential
elastic potential energy
elasticity
electric cars
electric circuit
electric circuits
electric motor
electrical circuits
electrical conductivity
electrical current
electrical cut-off switches
electrical energy
Electrical insulator
electrical safety
electrical shut-off button
Electrical testing
electricity
electrochemical series
Electrochemistry
electromagnet
electromagnetic waves
electron
electron shell
electron shells
electronic balance
electronic structure
electrons
electrophoresis dyes
electrostatic
electrostatics
element
element 1
element 10
element 100
element 101
element 102
element 103
element 104
element 105
element 106
element 107
element 108
element 109
element 11
element 110
element 111
element 112
element 113
element 114
element 115
element 116
element 117
element 118
element 119
element 12
element 120
element 13
element 14
element 15
element 16
element 17
element 18
element 19
element 2
element 20
element 21
element 22
element 23
element 24
element 25
element 26
element 27
element 28
element 29
element 3
element 30
element 31
element 32
element 33
element 34
element 35
element 36
element 37
element 38
element 39
element 4
element 40
element 41
element 42
element 43
element 44
element 45
element 46
element 47
element 48
element 49
element 5
element 50
element 51
element 52
element 53
element 54
element 55
element 56
element 57
element 58
element 59
element 6
element 60
element 61
element 62
element 63
element 64
element 65
element 66
element 67
element 68
element 69
element 7
element 70
element 71
element 72
element 73
element 74
element 75
element 76
element 77
element 78
element 79
element 8
element 80
element 81
element 82
element 83
element 84
element 85
element 86
element 87
element 88
element 89
element 9
element 90
element 91
element 92
element 93
element 94
element 95
element 96
element 97
element 98
element 99
elements
Elodea
emergencies
emergency
Emergency buttons
emergency electrical shutdown button
emergency response
emergency shut-off button
emergency shutdown button
emission spectrum
emissions
empirical formula
employment
enanthic acid
enanthic alcohol
End User Declaration
endangered species
endocrine system
energy
energy chains
energy conversion
energy efficiency
energy efficient housing design
energy flow
energy management
energy rating
energy sources
energy transfer
energy transformation
energy transformations
energy types
engineer
Engineering
engineering design
engravers acid
enhaced greenhouse effect
enhanced greenhouse effect
envirnoment
environment
environmental damage
environmental hazard
Environmental health
environmental impact plastics
environmental sampling
environmental spheres
enzyme
enzyme digestion
enzyme preparation
enzymes
Eosin Y
eosin-polychrome methylene-blue
epsom salts
equations
equilibrium
equipment
Er
Eriochrome Black
erosion
Es
escape velocity
ESS
esterase
esterfication
esters
ethanal
ethanamide
ethanedioic acid
ethanediol
ethanedionic acid
ethanenitrile
ethanoic acid
ethanoic anhydride
ethanoyl chloride
ethyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate
ethyl 3-phenylacrylate
ethyl alcohol
ethyl alcohol (denatured)
ethyl aldehyde
ethyl cellosolve
ethyl ethanoate
ethyl ethylene glycol
ethyl methanoate
ethyl methyl ketone
ethyl propanoate
ethylene glycol methyl ether
ethylenediamine
ethyleneglycol monoethylether
ethylformic acid
Eu
eucalyptus extract
EUD
Euflavine
eugenol
evaluate
evaporate
evaporation
evidence
evidence for
evidence for evolution
evolution
exempt dealings
exithormic
exothermic reaction
expanding universe
experiment
experimental design
Experimental error
experiments
exploration
Exploring Human Biology
explosion
external features
extinction level event
extinguisher
extractor fan
extractor fans
extreme climate
extreme environments
extreme weather
eye
Eye dissection
eye protection
eye structure
Eye wash
eyesight
eyewash
eyewash station
F
fabric
facilities
facility booking programs
factors affecting plant growth
factsheets
fainting
fair test
falling
falling objects
fans
Fast Oil Orange
Fat Black HB
fault lines
faults
fauna
Fe
features
feeding
feet
Fehling
Fehling's
Fehling's solution No. 1
Fehling's solution No. 2
fermentation
ferric alum
ferric ammonium citrate
ferric citrate
ferric nitrate
ferric nitrate nonahydrate
ferric orthophosphate
ferric oxide
ferric phosphate
ferric trinitrate
ferrous chloride
ferrous oxalate
ferrous oxide
ferrous sulfate heptahydrate
ferrous sulfide
fertilisation
fibre
field
field study
filter
filtration
fire
First aid
First aid kit
fitness
fittings
fixation
Fl
flame colour
flame test
flammable
flammable liquid
flammable liquids cabinet
flammable solid
Flash
flight
floating
flood
floodplains
floods
flora
flower
flower dissection
flowers of zinc
fluorite
fluorspar
Fm
folds
food
food chain
food energy
food items
food test
food web
Food webs
foodstuff
foodstuffs
foot
foot wear
footwear
force
forces
forces at a distance
forecast
forensic entomology
forensics
form of energy
formaldehyde
formalin
formic acid butyl ester
formic acid ethyl ester
formic acid methyl ester
formic acid propyl ester
forms of energy
formulae
Forum
fossil
fossil fuels
fossil record
fossils
Foundation
Fr
fre
free body diagram
free fall
freeze
freezer
freezing
French polish
fresh water
friction
fridge
frog
frozen joints
fruit sugar
fuel
fuels
full moon
Fume cupboard
fungi
Fungus
Funguses
fuses
Future of food
g
Ga
galactopyranose
galaxies
galaxy
Galena
Galileo
gallery
gallium
gallium metal
gallotannic acid
gallotannin
game
games
gamete
Gamma
gamma rays
gamma-amylase
garden
gas
Gas cutoff
gas cylinder
gas tap
Gaspeite
gathering data
gauge
gauze mats
Gd
Ge
geiger counter
gelatin
gene
gene induction
generation of gas
generator
genes
genetic crosses
genetic engineering
genetic inheritance
genetic modification
genetic modification kit
genetic variability
genetically modified organism
genetics
genotype
geological catastrophe
geological changes
geological formations
geological history
geological timescale
geology
geosphere
geothermal power
germination
GHS
GHS labels
GHS Risk Assessment
glacial acetic acid
glaciers
glass
glass blowing
glass stoppers
glasses
glassware
glassware cleaning
glassy sodium
Glauber's salt
gloal warming
global system
global systems
global warming
Globally Harmonised System
gloves
glucose
glutaric acid
Gly
glycerin
glycerine
glycerol
glyceryl tristearate
glycol monomethyl ether
GMO
gold
gold nanoparticles
gold trichloride hydrochloride
GPE
Graham's salt
grain alcohol
gram stain
grape sugar
graph
graphing
graphite
grass cuttings
gravitational potential energy
gravity
Great
Great Barrier Reef
Green Fluorescent Protein
green house effect
greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gas
ground glass
group one metals
grow
growth
guidance note
guidelines
guides
gum lac
gypsum plaster
H
H verticillata
habitat
habitats
hair
hair care
half cells
half moon
Half-life
halite
hand sanitiser
hands-on
hands-on activity
hardness test
Harry Hess
hatch
hazard
Hazard category
hazardous chemicals
hazardous waste
hazards
HCl
He
health
health monitoring
hearing
hearing aids
heart
Heart dissection
heat
heat and pressure
heat capacity
heat transfer
heating
heating marble chips
Helianthin
helicopter
helium
helium gas cylinders
help
Helvetia blue
Hematoxylin
hepatic gas
heptan-1-ol
heptan-2-ol
heptyl alchohol
heptyl alcohol
heptylic acid
herd immunity
Hertzsprung Russell diagram
Heteroauxin
heterozygous
hex-1-ene
hexaaquochromium chloride
hexaaquochromium(III) chloride
hexadecan-1-ol
hexahydrobenzene
hexamethylene
hexamethylenediamine
hexamethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
hexamethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid
hexamethylenetetramine
hexan-1-ol
hexanedioic acid
Hf
Hg
historical data
history
HMDA
HMTA
Ho
home
home environment
homeostasis
Hooke's law
Hormonal system
hormone
hormones
Household chemicals
how big
how small
How to
how to disinfect safety glasses
Hs
Hubble constant
Hubble's Law
human activities
human activity
human bones
human genetic variability
human impact
human impacts
human remains
human reproduction
human responsibility
human skeleton
human skull
human tears
human tissue
humans effect on the environment
hurricanes
hydrargyrum
hydrated alumina
Hydrated bleaching powder
hydrated cobalt dichloride
hydrated lime
Hydrilla verticillata
Hydrilla verticillata
hydrochloric
hydrochloric acid
hydroelectric power
hydrogen
hydrogen borate
hydrogen bromide aqueous solution
hydrogen combustion
hydrogen gas
hydrogen iodate
hydrogen iodide aqueous solution
hydrogen periodate
hydrogen peroxide
hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution
hydrogen peroxide sodium carbonate adduct
hydrogen phthalate
hydrogen sulphide
hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III)
hydroiodic acid
hydrosphere
hydrosulfuric acid
hydroxyapatite
hydroxybutanedioic acid
hydroxycyclohexane
hydroxyethane
hydroxylammonium chloride
hydroxysuccinic acid
hygroscopic
Hygroscopic chemicals
hypo
I
IAA
IB
ice
icosyl dodecanoate
igneous rock
image library
images
images of animals
images of plants
Immersion oil
immersion oil for microscopy
immune system
immunity
impacts
impulse
In
incomplete dominance
incubate
incubation temperature
incubator
Indicator
indicator strip
Indigenous
indirect forces
Indole-3-acetic Acid
industrial alcohol
inert gas
inertia
infectious disease
Infrared
inheritance
innoculating
innoculation
inoculating
inoculation
insects
instrument
insulation
insulator
insulators
insulin pump
interactive
interest in science
international biohazard symbol
International space station
interplate earthquakes
interview
intestine
intraplate earthquakes
introduced species
inventory
invertebrate
invertin
investigate
investigation
iodide of ammonia
iodine
iodine crystals
iodine sublimed
iodobutane
ion
ionic compounds
ionising radiation
ions
Ir
iron
iron (II) sulphate heptahydrate
iron (II) sulphide
iron (III) nitrate
iron alum
iron citrate
iron dichloride
iron filings
iron metal
iron nitrate
iron oxalate
iron oxide
iron trinitrate
iron trinitrate nonahydrate
irrever
irreversible change
Isaac Newton
isoamyl alcohol
isobutanol
isobutyl alcohol
isobutyl methyl ketone
isolation devices
isonaphthol
isopentyl acetate
isopentyl alcohol
isopropanol
isopropyl alcohol
isopropyl cresol
isotope
isotopes
ity
Jenolan Caves
junior school
Junket
K
kangaroo
KE
ketohexamethylene
key
Kidney dissection
kinetic
kinetic energy
kinetic theory of matter
Kipp's apparatus
Kirabati
Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion
kitchen garden
Kr
L-(+)-tartaric acid
l-menthol
La
lab booking programs
lab coat
lab rules
lab technician
lab techs
labelling
labels
laboratories
laboratory
Laboratory coat
laboratory design
laboratory doors
laboratory glassware
laboratory manuals
laboratory practice
laboratory pressure cooker
Laboratory rules
laboratory safety
laboratory signage
laboratory technicians
lacca
ladder
laminar flow cabinet
lancet
landforms
landscapes
language
laniol
larvae
laser
laser classes
laser pointer
laser risk assessment
lasers
latent heat
Latex
latex allergies
lauric acid arachidyl ester
laurostearic acid
lauryl alcohol
lawn culture
Laws of motion
lead
lead chloride
lead dichloride
lead dinitrate
Lead iodide
lead monooxide
lead nitrate
lead salts
lead sheet
Lead(II) iodide
legal requirements
legalities
legislation
length of day
length of year
lens
levers
levulose
Li
licence
licenses
licensing
lichenic acid
life cycle
Life cycles
life on Mars
light
light green
light spectrum
light-year
Lighting Kerosine
lightning in a test tube
ligroine
lime
lime citrate
lime nitrate
limestone
limewater
linear
linear motion
lipid
liquefied petroleum gas
liquid
liquid cultures
liquid latex (low ammonia)
liquid nitrogen
liquids
liquids and gases
listen
listening
lithium
lithium carbonate
lithium metal pieces under mineral oil
lithium monochloride
lithium sulphate
lithosphere
Litmus paper
live cultures
live specimen
live spider
liver
living
living and non living
living and nonliving
living things
LMG
load
low aromatic white spirit
LPG
LPG burners
Lr
Lu
luminol
lunar caustic
lung
Lung dissection
lungs
Lv
lye
Macconkey Broth For Microbiology (Merck)
Macconkey Broth Purple (Sigma-Aldrich)
machines
Magenta I
magnesia
magnesium
magnesium (II) carbonate
magnesium carbonate light powder
magnesium chloride
magnesium dichloride
magnesium nitrate
magnesium oxide
magnesium powder
magnesium ribbon
magnesium sheet
magnesium sulfate
magnesium sulfate anhydrous
magnesium(II) sulphate heptahydrate
magnet
magnetic field
magnetic force
magnetic metals
magnetic reversals
magnetism
magnets
magnification
maize starch
making nylon
Malachite
Malachite green oxalate salt
maleinic acid
malenic acid
malt sugar
Maltese Cross
maltibiose
mammal
manganese (II) sulphate
manganese black
manganese dichloride
manganese dioxide
manganese sulfate
manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate
manganese(IV) oxide
Manifest
manna sugar
mantle
manure
marble chips
Mars
mass
mass of a gas
match
material
Material Safety Data Sheet
Material Safety Data Sheets
materials
mathematics
matter
Maximum-Minimum thermometer
Mc
Md
measurement
mechanical advantage
mechanical digestion
mechanical energy
medical
medicine
MEK
mel
melamine
melt
melting
melting point
mendeleev
mercalli scale
merchandise
Mercury
Mercury (II) Thiocyanate
mercury metal
Mercury Oxide
mercury spill kit
mercury thermometers
metacetonic acid
metal displacement
metal ions
metalloids
metals
metamorphic rock
metamorphism
meteor
meteor strike
meteorites
meteoroid
meteoroids
methacrylic acid methyl ester
methane
methane carboxylic acid
methanedicarboxylic acid
methanoic acid
methanol
methenamine
methoxybenzene
methyl acetic acid
methyl alcohol
methyl butanoate
methyl cellosolve
methyl cyanide
methyl ester
methyl esters
methyl ethanoate
methyl glycol
methyl methanoate
methyl o-hydroxybenzoate
Methyl Orange-Xylene Cyanole
methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
methyl phenyl ether
Methyl Violet 10B
methylacetic acid
methylated spirits
methylbenzene
Methylene Blue T50
methylene dichloride
methylethylene glycol
methyltheobromine
Mg
MIBK
micro-organisms
microbes
microbial aerosols
microbiology
microbiology safety considerations
microbiology waste
Micrococcus luteus
microor
microorganism
microorganisms
microscale
microscope
microscope slides
microscopes
microscopy
milk acid
milk of magnesia
milk sugar
milky way
mineral
mineral extraction
mineral samples
mineral spirit
mineral talc
minerals
mining
mirrors
misconceptions
mitosis
mix
mixture
mixtures
Mn
Mo
mobile phones
model
modelling
models
Mohs Hardness Mineral Kits
molar
molarity
Mold
Molds
molecular chlorine
molybdenum oxide
molybdic anhydride
monitoring earthquakes
monoammonium carbonate
monoammonium phosphate
monocalcium orthophosphate
monocalcium phosphate
monopotassium sulfate
monosodium dihydrogen phosphate
monosodium hypophosphite
monotreme
moon
Mordant Black
Mordant Black 11
Mordant Red 3
Mosquito
Mosquito larvae
mothballs
motion
motion of objects
motor
mould
moulds
move
movement
movement of tectonic plates
MPK
MRI scan
MS Word
MSDS
MSDSs
MSG
Mt
muriate of potash
muriatic acid
muscle
mushroom
mushrooms
music
mutation
mutualism
myths
N
N-acetyl-4-bromoaniline
N-acetylaminobenzene
n-amyl alcohol
n-amylene
N-benzyladenine
n-butane
n-butanol
n-butyl acetate
n-butyl alcohol
n-butyl bromide
n-butyl chloride
n-butyl formate
n-butyl iodide
n-butyl n-butyrate
n-butyl propionate
n-decane
n-dodecanoic acid
n-dodecanol
n-dodecyl alcohol
N-ethylethanamine
n-Heptane
n-heptanol
n-heptoic acid
n-heptylic acid
n-hexadecanol
n-hexadecyl alcohol
n-hexane
n-hexanoic acid
n-hexanol
n-hexene
n-hexoic acid
n-hexyl alcohol
n-octadecane
n-octadecanol
n-octane
n-octanol
n-octyl alcohol
n-pentane
n-pentanol
n-pentene
N-phenylacetamide
n-propane
n-propanol
n-propyl acetate
n-propyl alcohol
n-propyl butyrate
n-propyl formate
n-propyl propanoate
Na
NAA
NaCl
nanoparticle
nanoparticles
nanotechnology
NAPHTHALEN-2-OL
naphthalene-1-acetic acid
naphthalin
naphthol
naptha petroleum
Napthol Blue Black
national
National Science Week
Natural black 1
natural disaster
natural disasters
Natural gas burners
natural processes
Natural Red 28
Natural red 4
natural selection
natural_history
nature
nature of matter
Nb
Nd
Ne
near point
nebula
needle
needs
needs vs wants
negative feedback
Neodymium
nervous system
net force
neutron
neutrons
New moon
New South Wales
new technology
Newton's first law
Newton's laws
Newton's second law
Newton's three laws
Newtons laws
Nh
Ni
niacin
nickel chloride
nickel dichloride
nickel dinitrate
nickel nitrate
nickel(II) chloride
nickelous chloride
nickelous nitrate
night
Nihonium
nitrate of potash
nitrate of soda
nitrates
nitre
nitric acid
nitrile gloves
nitrogen cycle
nitrogen dioxide gas
nitrogen gas
nitrogen oxide
nitrogen peroxide
nitrogen tetroxide
No
Nobel Prize
nocturnal animals
non living
non living things
non renewable energy
non-contact forces
non-hazardous
non-living things
non-metals
non-renewable
non-renewable energy
non-renewable resources
nonliving
nonliving things
normal force
Northern Territory
Norwegian Saltpeter
Np
NSW
nuclear
nuclear fusion
nucleus
Nullabor
Number
nurture
nutrient
nutrient agar
nylon
O
o-acetylcholine chloride
o-acetylsalicylic acid
o-benzenedicarboxylic acid
o-Cresol red
o-dicarboxybenzene
o-hydroxybenzoic acid
o-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester
o-phenanthroline monohydrate
o-phthalic Acid
Objectives
observable features
observation
observations
observe
Occupational Health & Safety
ocean acidification
ocean currents
ochre
oct-1-ane
oct-1-ene
octadecanol
octadecyl alcohol
octan-1-ol
octan-2-ol
octanol
octylene
oenanthic acid
offal
Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR)
office space
offspring
Og
OH&S
Ohm's law
OHS
oil
oil immersion lenses
oil of cloves
oil of Palma Christi
oil of vitriol
oil of wintergreen
old chemicals
old equipment
oldest
on the move
onion root tip
opaque
operational temperatures
optics
Orange III
orbit
orbits
Orcinol
ore
ores
organ
organelle
organic chemistry
organic waste
organisms
origin of the universe
ortho-oxalic acid
orthoboric acid
orthoperiodic acid
orthophosphoric acid
orthophosphorous acid
Os
osmoregulation
osmosis
oven bag
oxalic acid anhydrous
oxalic acid dihydrate
oxidation
oxidation states
oxidised
oxidising agents
oxygen
oxygen gas
P
p-bromoacetanilide
p-cymen-3-o1
p-Diazoviolet
p-hydroxy-m-methoxybenzaldehyde
Pa
paint
palmityl alcohol
paracetaldehyde
parachute
paraffin
paraffin liquid
paraffin oil
paraffin oils
paraffin wax
paraffin waxes
Parafilm
parallel circuit
particle model
Pasteur
Pasteur's Experiment
PAT
pathogen
pathogenic
pathogens
patterns
Pb
PC1 Laboratory
PC2 Laboratory
Pd
peak water
Pearson Light Book
Pearson Science
Pedagogy
pedosphere
peer review
pendulum
penicillin
pent-1-ene
pentacalcium monohydroxyorthophosphate
pentan-1-ol
pentan-2-ol
pentan-2-one
pentan-3-one
pentasodium triphosphate
Pentlandite
pentyl alcohol
peppermint camphor
pepsin
Peptone
Peptone from animal tissue
Peptone mycological
percentage solution
Perfluoroctanoate
Perfluorooctane Sulfonate
period
periodic table
permanganate of potash
permanganic acid
peroxide
personal care products
Personal Protective Equipment
pet
PET scan
petri dish
petri dishes
petrolatum
petroleum jelly
petroleum spirit
pFluoroGreen
PFO
PFOA
PFOS
pH
pH Indicators
Pharoah's Serpent
phases of matter
phases of moon
phases of the moon
Phenanthroline
phenolphthalein
Phenolsulfonphthalein
phenotype
phenyl carboxylic acid
phenyl ester
phenylamide
phenylethylene
phenylformic acid
phenylsulfonic acid
phenylsulphonic acid
Phenylthiocarbamide
phenylthiocarbamide paper
phenylthiourea
phosphoric acid anhydride
phosphorous
phosphorous(V) oxide
Photocopier
photomicrography
photosynthesis
photovoltaic effect
phthalic acid anhydride
phthalic acid potassium acid salt
phyla
Physarum polycephalum
physical
physical change
physical characteristics
physical digestion
physical features
physical fitness
physical properties
physical sciences
physical separation techniques
physics
physiological adatation
pictogram
pig
piglet
pimelic ketone
pinhole camera
pitch
pivots
PLA filament
places
planetary distance
planetary orbits
planets
planisphere
plankton
plant
plant adaptations
plant cell
Plant life cycles
plant reproduction
plants
plasma albumin
Plasma ball
plasmodium
plastic
Plastic bags
plastic container
plastic pollution
plastics
plate tectonic theory
plate tectonics
Plate tectonics theory
platinum metal
platinum wire
play
playground
plumbing
plumbous chloride
plumbous nitrate
plumbous oxide
Pm
Po
poison
polar
pollination
pollution
poly(vinyl alcohol)
poly(vinyl chloride)
polygalacturonase
polymer
polymer slime powder
polymers
polystyrene foam
polyurethane
polyvinyl alcohol
polyvinyl Alcohol Solution
polyvinyl chloride resin
pond water
Pool chlorine
population
population dynamics
porcelain
porous pot
Portable Appliance Testing
Portable Bunsen burners
potash lye
potassium
potassium alum
potassium aluminium sulfate
potassium aluminium sulphate
potassium biphthalate
potassium bisulfate
potassium borate
Potassium Bromate
potassium bromide
potassium chlorate
potassium chromate
potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate
potassium dichromate
potassium disulfite
potassium ferricyanide
potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
potassium hydrogen orthophosphate
potassium hydrogen sulphate
potassium iodide
potassium metabisulphite
potassium metal
potassium metaperiodate
potassium monoiodide
potassium permanganate
potassium peroxydisulfate
potassium peroxydisulphate
potassium phosphate tribasic
potassium phthalate monobasic
potassium pyrosulfite
potassium rhodanate
potassium rhodanide
Potassium Salt
potassium sulfocyanate
potassium sulphate
potassium tartrate dibasic
potato starch
potential energy
potometer
potting mix
power cutoff
PPE
Pr
Practical
practical activity
Practical investigation
Practical preparation
precipitate
precipitated silver
precipitation
precipitation reactions
predict
pregnancy
pregnant
prep room
prep room safety
preparation of sodium hydroxide
preproom
preservation
preserving fluid
preserving solution
pressure cooker
primary connections
primary data
primary science area
primaryconnections
Printer
probe
problem-solving
prohibited chemicals
prometheum
propan-1-ol
propan-2-ol
propan-2-one
propane gas
propane-
propane-1
propanetriol
propanoic acid
propanoic acid butyl ester
propanoic acid ethyl ester
propanoic acid propyl ester
propanone
properties
properties of gases
properties of materials
properties of matter
propionic acid butyl ester
propionic acid ethyl ester
propionic acid propyl ester
propyl butanoate
propyl ethanoate
propyl methanoate
propylformic acid
Protected templates
protein test
proteolytic enzyme
proton
protons
PSP
Pt
PTC
PTC paper
PTC papers
PTU
Pu
publications
puggle
pull
pulleys
pulsar
purify
Purnulu
push
push and pull
puzzle
PVA
PVC
Q fever
quarks
quarter moon
Queensland
question
questioning
quick link
quick links
quick silver
quick-link
quickfit apparatus
quicklime
quicksilver
quinine bisulfate
quinine hydrogen sulfate
quiz
Ra
Radiation
Radioactive
radioactive decay
radioactive sources
radioactivity
radioisotopes
radionuclide
radiotherapy
radon gas
rain
rain gauge
rare earth
rare earth magnets
rat
rat dissection
rates
ratio
raw chicken
Rb
Re
re-using equipment
reactants
reaction
reaction rate
reaction rates
reactions
reactive metals
reactivity series
real world science
receding galaxies
receptor
recessive
recipe
Recirculating fume cabinet
recommended chemicals
Recommended suppliers
record
records
rectified spirit
recycle
recycled water
recycling
recycling air conditioners
red iron oxide
red prussiate of potash
red shift
redox
redox reaction
reef
reef ecosystem
reflect
reflection
reflux
refraction
refrigeration
refrigerator
refurbishment
register
regolith
regular maintenance
regulation
regulations
regulator
relationships
relative distances of the planets
relative size
Remarkable Rocks
renewable
renewable energy
renewable resources
rennet
renovation
repair
reproduction
research
resistance
resistivity
Resource
resource book
resources
respiration
respiratory system
reusing a container
rever
reversible change
Reviews
Rf
Rg
RG1
RG1 microorganisms
Rh
Rhinella marina
ricirus oil
rifle
Ring of Fire
rising global temperature
rising ocean temperature
rising sea levels
Risk
risk analysis
risk assessment
risk assessment matrix
risk group
Risk Group 1
risk management
risk mitigation
risks
Rn
rock
rock cycle
rock density
rock formation
rock salt
rock samples
rocket
rockets
rocks
rocks & minerals safety
roller coaster
Rosaniline hydrochloride
rotation
rotten egg gas
Ru
rubber hose
rubbish
rust
rusting
S
Saccharase
safety
Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheets
safety equipment
safety glasses
safety goggles
safety shower
safety showers
sal ammoniac
salicylic acid
salicylic acid methyl ester
salicylic acid phenyl ester
salinity
salmonella
salt-water balance
saltiness
saltpetre
saltwater
salt–water balance
sampling
sanatising safety glasses
Sankey diagram
sapogenin glycoside
sapoglycosides
saponin glycoside
saponins
saturated solution
Sb
Sc
scale
scale model
scalpel blade
schedule
School facilities
school laboratory safety
school level 1
school level 2
school level 3
school science
school security
school uniform
science
science rooms
Science as a Human Endeavour
Science ASSIST
science concepts
science discoveries
Science facilities
science inquiry
science inquiry skills
science investigation
science investigations
science issue
science laboratories
science rooms
science understanding
Scientific dictionaries
scientific evidence
scientific explanations
scientific model
scientific research
scientist
screw top lids
SDS
SDSs
Se
sea
sea floor spreading
sea water
sealing agar plates
seasons
seatbelt
seats
sebacoyl dichloride
sec-amyl alcohol
sec-butanol
sec-butyl alcohol
sec-butyl bromide
sec-Caprylic alcohol
sec-n-octyl alcohol
sec-pentyl alcohol
sec-propyl alcohol
secondary
secondary data
security
sedimentary rock
seed
seeing
Seismograph
seismographs
selective media
senior chemistry
sense
senses
separate
separating mixtures
separation
separation techniques
septic system
series circuit
serine protease
serpentine
Serpentinite
Serratia marcescens
serum albumin
service factor
servicing
sex determination
sexual
sexual reproduction
sexual selection
Sg
shadow
shadows
shake table
shape
Shark
sharps
sharps container
sharps waste
sheep's brains
shelter
sherbet
shoes
shoot
short circuit
shower
shut-off button
Si
sickle cell anaemia
signage
signs
silicon powder
silly putty
silver (I) acetate
silver (I) chloride
silver (I) iodide
silver (I) nitrate
silver metal pieces
silver mirror
silver monoacetate
silver monochloride
silver monoiodide
silver nitrate
silver sulphate
simple harmonic motion
simple machines
simulation
sinking
site specific risk assessment
sitting during practicals
size
skeleton
ski jumper
skin cells
sky
slab pull
slaked lime
slime
slime mould
slime moulds
Sm
smartphone
smoke detectors
Sn
snails
soda ash
soda lye
sodium
sodium bisulphite
sodium borate
sodium bromide
sodium carbonate
sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide
sodium carbonate peroxide
sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate
Sodium carbonate/sodium hydrogen carbonate buffer
sodium deoxycholate
sodium dichromate
sodium dichromate (VI)
sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate
sodium disulfite
sodium glycotaurocholate
sodium hydrogen carbonate
sodium hydrogen sulfite
sodium hydroxide
Sodium hypochlorite solution
sodium hyposulfite
sodium metabisulphite
sodium metal
sodium metal pieces under mineral oi
Sodium metaperiodate
sodium metasilicate
sodium molybdate (VI)
sodium monoiodide
sodium monosulphide
sodium N-(N-choloylglycyl)taurinate
sodium orthovanadate
Sodium oxychloride
sodium peroxometaborate hexahydrate
sodium phosphinate
sodium polymetaphosphate
sodium pyrosulfite
sodium sulfide
sodium sulfocyanate
sodium sulphate
sodium sulphide
sodium sulphocyanate
sodium taurocholate dihydrate
sodium tetraborate
sodium tetrahydridoborate
sodium tetrahydroborate
sodium thiosulfate
sodium trioxovanadate
sodium tripolyphosphate
sodium vanadate
sodium vanadate(V)
sodium vanadium oxide
sodium-L-glutamate
software
soil
soil formation
soil salinity
soils
solar energy
solar panel
solar system
solder
soldering
solid
solid hydrogen peroxide
solids
solids in solution
solubility
soluble starch
solution
solutions
sonic boom
SOP
SOP:
sound
sound source
Source
source of energy
sources
sources of energy
South Australia
space
space exploration
space shuttle
space station
space walk
spark
spark proofing
sparkproofing
species
specific heat
specifications
specimen
spectral class
speed
speed of sound
spider
spill kit
spill kits
spin
spiral galaxy
spirit burner
spirit burners
spirits of salt
spirometer
spore
spores
spring potential energy
springs
sprout
Sr
SSE
staff responsibilities
staffing
stage
stain
staining
Standard Operating Procedure
standards
Staph epidermidis
starch test
stars
starter caps
starter pistol
states of matter
static electricity
stearic glyceride
stearin
stearophanic acid
stearyl alcohol
steel wool
STEM
stepladders
stereo microscope
sterile
sterilisation
sterilisation techniques
sterilise
sterilize
stickleback
stickleback fish
stockwhip
stomach
stomata
stoppers
storage
storage cabinet
storage cabinets
storage of acids
storage of chemicals
storage periods
storm damage
storms
streak plate
streak test
strength
strontium carbonate anhydrous
strontium pieces under mineral oil
structural adaptation
structure
student designed investigation
student designed practical investigation
student misconceptions
styrene monomer
subculturing
sublimation
subscribe
subscriptions
substance
sucrase
sudan III
sulfamidic acid
sulfate of alumina
sulfate of potash
sulfide of soda
sulfur
sulfur dioxide aqueous solution
sulfur flowers
sulfur hydride
sulfur pieces
sulfur powder
sulfuric acid
sulfurous acid anhydride
sulfurous oxide
sulphamic acid
Sulphur
sulphur dioxide
Sulphur hexafluoride
sulphuric acid
sulphurous acid
sun
Sun Red 1
sundial
super giant stars
superconductor
supernova
superoxides
Supplier
suppliers
supplies
surface area
surface tension
surplus chemicals
survival
survival of the fittest
survive
susceptibility testing
sustainability
Sustainable agriculture
sustainable energy
sustainable future
sustainable use of energy
switch
symbiosis
symbol equations
symbols
syringe
systems
t-butanol
t-butyl hydroxide
Ta
table salt
Talc
tangantangan oil
tannin
tar camphor
tarantula
Tasmania
taxonomic classification term
taxonomy
Tb
Tc
Te
teacher support
Teaching resources
teaching responsibilities
tears
technical support
technician hours
technician support
technology
TechNYou
tectonic plates
telescope
telfairic acid
temperature
temperature regulation
template
tendon
tension
terminology
tert-amyl alcohol
tert-butanol
tert-butyl alcohol
tert-butyl bromide
tert-butyl chloride
tert-pentanol
tert-pentyl alcohol
tertiary butanol
testing
Testing and tagging
Testing fume cupboards
Tetrabromofluorescein
Tetrabromophenol blue
Tetrabromophenolsulfonphthalein
tetrachloroauric acid
tetrahydrobenzene
Tetramethylthionine chloride
textiles
Th
THAM
the Earth
the endocrine system
the environment
the sun
the universe
thermal conductivity
thermal energy
thermite
thermometers
thiocyanate ion
Threatened species
thrust
thyme camphor
thymic acid
Thymolsulfonphthalein
Ti
tibromoaluminium
tidal energy
tidal locking
tidal power
tides
ties
time
timeline
Timeline of the Universe
tin
tin foil
tin metal
tissue
tissue specimens
titania
titanium dioxide
Titration
Tl
Tm
toad
Tollen's Test
Tolonium chloride
toluene
Toluylene Red
top pan
top pan electronic balance
Torres Strait Islanders
total energy
toxilic acid
toy
toys
traditional story telling
training
traits
trans-2-butenedioic acid
trans-cinnamic acid
transesterification
transfer
transfer of energy
transform
transpiration
transport
travel
Tremolite
tri-magnesium di-orthophosphate
triacetaldehyde
triammonium orthophosphate
triammonium phosphate
trichloroaluminium
trichlorobismuth
trichlorochromium
trimagnesium phosphate
trimethyl carbinol
trimethyl trioxane
trimethylbromomethane
trimethylchloromethane
tripotassium phosphate anhydrous
Tris
Tris base
Tris buffer
tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane/hydrochloric acid buffer
Tris/hydrochloric acid buffer
trisodium citrate dihydrate
trisodium orthophosphate
Trisodium phosphate
tristearin
Tropaeolin OO
tropisms
Trypaflavine neutral
trypsin
Tryptone
Ts
tsunami
tsunami warning systems
tubing
turbine
turbulence
turtle
Types of energy
types of reactions
types of rock
U
Ubn
Uluru
unbalanced forces
uncontrolled
unexpected precipitate
Union Green B
unit
Unit_1
universal indicator
universe
unpredictable
unslaked lime
ununoctium
ununseptium
Uranine
uranium
urbanisation
urea amidohydrolase
urotropine
use by dates
use of materials
use-by dates
user codes
uses of materials
Uue
Uuo
Uup
Uus
Uut
V
vaccination
vaccine
vacuum
vacuum pump
valence electrons
valence shell
valency
van de graaff
van de graaff generator
van der graaf generator
vanillic aldehyde
variable
variable resistance
variables
variation
vaseline
vaseline white
vehicles
velocity
ventilation
ventillation
vertical motion
vibrate
vibration
vibrations
Victoria
Victoria Green
video
video footage
videos
vinegar
vinegar acid
vinyl alcohol polymer
virus
viruses
vision
visualisations
vitamin B3
vitamin B4
vitamin C
volcano
volcanoes
voltage
voltmeters
volume
Voyager
W
wall
waning moon
washing soda
waste
waste audit
waste disposal
waste storage containers
water
water aspirator
water cycle
water health
water in the environment
water of crystallisation
water operated vacuum pump
water pressure
water quality
water storage
water supply
water test
water treatment
water usage
Watson
wave
wave model
waves
waxing moon
Waxoline Yellow
weather
weather effects
weather map
weathering
weathering and erosion
weed
Wegener
weighing the air
weight
welding
Western Australia
wet mount
wetland
whip
White Kerosene
white mineral oil
white protopet 1S
white spirit
WHS
wildlife
Wildlife camera
Wilkins
wind
wind energy
wind farm
wind power
wind speed
window coverings
wiring
WLDA agar
WLNA agar
wolfram
wood alcohol
wood spirit
wood sugar
wool fat
wool grease
word equations
word puzzle
work
working scientifically skills
workplace
worksheet
worms
X-Ray crystallography
xanthanol
xanthen-9-ol
Xe
XO Dye
Y
Yb
year
Year 1
Year 10
Year 10 Physics
Year 11 Chemistry
Year 12 Chemistry
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 7
Year 8
Year 9
yeast
yellow lead oxide
yoghurt
young students
zinc
zinc (II) acetate
zinc diacetate
zinc dichloride
zinc diiodide
zinc electrode
zinc granules
zinc metal sheet
zinc monoxide
zinc nitrate
zinc sulphide
zinc turnings
zircon
Zn
zone of inhibition
zoonotic diseases
Zr
α-hydroxybenzyl phenyl ketone
α-hydroxypropanoic acid
α-hydroxysuccinic acid
β-D-fructopyranose
β-D-fructose
β-D-Lactose

Foundation
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Planning and conducting
---Participate in guided investigations and make observations using the senses
--Communicating
---Share observations and ideas
--Questioning and Predicting
---Pose and respond to questions about familiar objects and events
--Processing and analysing data and information
---Engage in discussions about observations and represent ideas
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Nature and development of science
---Science involves observing, asking questions about, and describing changes in, objects and events
-Science Understanding
--Physical Sciences
---The way objects move depends on a variety of factors, including their size and shape
--Biological Sciences
---Living things have basic needs, including food and water
----Elaboration (OI.3): recognising how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples care for living things
----Elaboration (OI.2): recognising how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples care for living things
----Elaboration: identifying the needs of humans such as warmth, food and water, using students’ own experiences
----Elaboration: recognising the needs of living things in a range of situations such as pets at home, plants in the garden or plants and animals in bushland
----Elaboration: comparing the needs of plants and animals
--Earth and space sciences
---Daily and seasonal changes in our environment affect everyday life
--Chemical Sciences
---Objects are made of materials that have observable properties
1
-Science Understanding
--Biological Sciences
---Living things have a variety of external features
---Living things live in different places where their needs are met
--Chemical Sciences
---Everyday materials can be physically changed in a variety of ways
--Physical Sciences
---Light and sound are produced by a range of sources and can be sensed
--Earth and Space Sciences
---Observable changes occur in the sky and landscape
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Nature and development of science
---Science involves observing, asking questions about, and describing changes in, objects and events
--Use and influence of science
---People use science in their daily lives, including when caring for their environment and living things
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Questioning and Predicting
---Pose and respond to questions, and make predictions about familiar objects and events
--Planning and conducting
---Participate in guided investigations to explore and answer questions
---Use informal measurements to collect and record observations, using digital technologies as appropriate
--Processing and analysing data and information
---Use a range of methods to sort information, including drawings and provided tables and through discussion, compare observations with predictions
--Evaluating
---Compare observations with those of others
--Communicating
---Represent and communicate observations and ideas in a variety of ways
2
-Science Understanding
--Biological Sciences
---Living things grow, change and have offspring similar to themselves
--Chemical Sciences
---Different materials can be combined for a particular purpose
--Physical Sciences
---A push or a pull affects how an object moves or changes shape
--Earth and Space Sciences
---Earth’s resources are used in a variety of ways
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Nature and development of science
---Science involves observing, asking questions about, and describing changes in, objects and events
--Use and influence of science
---People use science in their daily lives, including when caring for their environment and living things
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Questioning and Predicting
---Pose and respond to questions, and make predictions about familiar objects and events
--Processing and analysing data and information
---Use a range of methods to sort information, including drawings and provided tables and through discussion, compare observations with predictions
--Planning and conducting
---Participate in guided investigations to explore and answer questions
---Use informal measurements to collect and record observations, using digital technologies as appropriate
--Evaluating
---Compare observations with those of others
--Communicating
---Represent and communicate observations and ideas in a variety of ways
3
-Science Understanding
--Biological Sciences
---Living things can be grouped on the basis of observable features and can be distinguished from non-living things
---Compare characteristics of living and non-living things and examine the differences between the life cycles of plants and animals
--Physical Sciences
---Heat can be produced in many ways and can move from one object to another
---Identify sources of heat energy and examine how temperature changes when heat energy is transferred from one object to another
--Chemical Sciences
---A change of state between solid and liquid can be caused by adding or removing heat
---Investigate the observable properties of solids and liquids and how adding or removing heat energy leads to a change of state
--Earth and Space Sciences
---Earth’s rotation on its axis causes regular changes, including night and day
---Compare the observable properties of soils, rocks and minerals and investigate why they are important Earth resources
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Use and influence of science
---Science knowledge helps people to understand the effect of their actions
---Consider how people use scientific explanations to meet a need or solve a problem
--Nature and development of science
---Science involves making predictions and describing patterns and relationships
---Examine how people use data to develop scientific explanations
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Questioning and Predicting
---With guidance, identify questions in familiar contexts that can be investigated scientifically and make predictions based on prior knowledge
---Pose questions to explore observed patterns and relationships and make predictions based on observations
--Processing and analysing data and information
---Use a range of methods including tables and simple column graphs to represent data and to identify patterns and trends
---Compare results with predictions, suggesting possible reasons for findings
---Construct and use representations, including tables, simple column graphs and visual or physical models, to organise data and information, show simple relationships and identify patterns
--Planning and conducting
---With guidance, plan and conduct scientific investigations to find answers to questions, considering the safe use of appropriate materials and equipment
---Consider the elements of fair tests and use formal measurements and digital technologies as appropriate, to make and record observations accurately
---Use provided scaffolds to plan and conduct investigations to answer questions or test predictions, including identifying the elements of fair tests, and considering the safe use of materials and equipment
--Evaluating
---Reflect on investigations, including whether a test was fair or not
---Compare findings with those of others, consider if investigations were fair, identify questions for further investigation and draw conclusions
--Communicating
---Represent and communicate observations, ideas and findings using formal and informal representations
---Write and create texts to communicate findings and ideas for identified purposes and audiences, using scientific vocabulary and digital tools as appropriate
4
-Science Understanding
--Biological Sciences
---Living things depend on each other and the environment to survive
---Living things have life cycles
--Chemical Sciences
---Natural and processed materials have a range of physical properties that can influence their use
--Earth and Space Sciences
---Earth’s surface changes over time as a result of natural processes and human activity
--Physical Sciences
---Forces can be exerted by one object on another through direct contact or from a distance
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Use and influence of science
---Science knowledge helps people to understand the effect of their actions
--Nature and development of science
---Science involves making predictions and describing patterns and relationships
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Processing and analysing data and information
---Use a range of methods including tables and simple column graphs to represent data and to identify patterns and trends
---Compare results with predictions, suggesting possible reasons for findings
--Questioning and Predicting
---With guidance, identify questions in familiar contexts that can be investigated scientifically and make predictions based on prior knowledge
--Planning and conducting
---Consider the elements of fair tests and use formal measurements and digital technologies as appropriate, to make and record observations accurately
---With guidance, plan and conduct scientific investigations to find answers to questions, considering the safe use of appropriate materials and equipment
--Evaluating
---Reflect on investigations, including whether a test was fair or not
--Communicating
---Represent and communicate observations, ideas and findings using formal and informal representations
5
-Science Understanding
--Biological Sciences
---Living things have structural features and adaptations that help them to survive in their environment
--Chemical Sciences
---Solids, liquids and gases have different observable properties and behave in different ways
--Earth and Space Sciences
---The Earth is part of a system of planets orbiting around a star (the sun)
--Physical Sciences
---Light from a source forms shadows and can be absorbed, reflected and refracted
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Use and influence of science
---Scientific knowledge is used to solve problems and inform personal and community decisions
--Nature and development of science
---Science involves testing predictions by gathering data and using evidence to develop explanations of events and phenomena and reflects historical and cultural contributions
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Planning and conducting
---Identify, plan and apply the elements of scientific investigations to answer questions and solve problems using equipment and materials safely and identifying potential risks
---Decide which variable should be changed and measured in fair tests and accurately observe, measure and record data, using digital technologies as appropriate
--Processing and analysing data and information
---Construct and use a range of representations, including tables and graphs, to represent and describe observations, patterns or relationships in data using digital technologies as appropriate
---Compare data with predictions and use as evidence in developing explanations
--Evaluating
---Reflect on and suggest improvements to scientific investigations
--Communicating
---Communicate ideas, explanations and processes using scientific representations in a variety of ways, including multi-modal texts
--Questioning and Predicting
---With guidance, pose clarifying questions and make predictions about scientific investigations
6
-Science Understanding
--Biological Sciences
---The growth and survival of living things are affected by the physical conditions of their environment
--Chemical Sciences
---Changes to materials can be reversible or irreversible
--Physical Sciences
---Electrical energy can be transferred and transformed in electrical circuits and can be generated from a range of sources
--Earth and Space Sciences
---Sudden geological changes and extreme weather events can affect Earth’s surface
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Use and influence of science
---Scientific knowledge is used to solve problems and inform personal and community decisions
--Nature and development of science
---Science involves testing predictions by gathering data and using evidence to develop explanations of events and phenomena and reflects historical and cultural contributions
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Evaluating
---Reflect on and suggest improvements to scientific investigations
--Planning and conducting
---Decide which variable should be changed and measured in fair tests and accurately observe, measure and record data, using digital technologies as appropriate
---Identify, plan and apply the elements of scientific investigations to answer questions and solve problems using equipment and materials safely and identifying potential risks
--Communicating
---Communicate ideas, explanations and processes using scientific representations in a variety of ways, including multi-modal texts
--Processing and analysing data and information
---Construct and use a range of representations, including tables and graphs, to represent and describe observations, patterns or relationships in data using digital technologies as appropriate
---Compare data with predictions and use as evidence in developing explanations
--Questioning and Predicting
---With guidance, pose clarifying questions and make predictions about scientific investigations
7
-Science Understanding
--Biological Sciences
---Interactions between organisms, including the effects of human activities, can be represented by food chains and food webs
---Classification helps organise the diverse group of organisms
--Chemical Sciences
---Mixtures, including solutions, contain a combination of pure substances that can be separated using a range of techniques
--Physical Sciences
---Change to an object’s motion is caused by unbalanced forces, including Earth's gravitational attraction, acting on the object
--Earth and Space Sciences
---Some of Earth’s resources are renewable, including water that cycles through the environment, but others are non-renewable
---Predictable phenomena on Earth, including seasons and eclipses, are caused by the relative positions of the sun, Earth and the moon
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Nature and development of science
---Scientific knowledge has changed people's understanding of the world and is refined as new evidence becomes available
---Science knowledge can develop through collaboration across the disciplines of science and the contributions of people from a range of cultures
--Use and influence of science
---People use science understanding and skills in their occupations and these have influenced the development of practices in areas of human activity
---Solutions to contemporary issues that are found using science and technology, may impact on other areas of society and may involve ethical considerations
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Questioning and Predicting
---Identify questions and problems that can be investigated scientifically and make predictions based on scientific knowledge
--Processing and analysing data and information
---Summarise data, from students’ own investigations and secondary sources, and use scientific understanding to identify relationships and draw conclusions based on evidence
---Construct and use a range of representations, including graphs, keys and models to represent and analyse patterns or relationships in data using digital technologies as appropriate
--Evaluating
---Reflect on scientific investigations including evaluating the quality of the data collected, and identifying improvements
---Use scientific knowledge and findings from investigations to evaluate claims based on evidence
--Planning and conducting
---Measure and control variables, select equipment appropriate to the task and collect data with accuracy
---Collaboratively and individually plan and conduct a range of investigation types, including fieldwork and experiments, ensuring safety and ethical guidelines are followed
--Communicating
---Communicate ideas, findings and evidence-based solutions to problems using scientific language and representations, using digital technologies as appropriate
8
-Science Understanding
--Biological Sciences
---Multi-cellular organisms contain systems of organs carrying out specialised functions that enable them to survive and reproduce
---Cells are the basic units of living things and have specialised structures and functions
--Chemical Sciences
---Properties of the different states of matter can be explained in terms of the motion and arrangement of particles
---Differences between elements, compounds and mixtures can be described at a particle level
---Chemical change involves substances reacting to form new substances
--Physical Sciences
---Energy appears in different forms including movement (kinetic energy), heat and potential energy, and energy transformations and transfers cause change within systems
--Earth and Space Sciences
---Sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks contain minerals and are formed by processes that occur within Earth over a variety of timescales
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Nature and development of science
---Scientific knowledge has changed peoples’ understanding of the world and is refined as new evidence becomes available
---Science knowledge can develop through collaboration across the disciplines of science and the contributions of people from a range of cultures
--Use and influence of science
---Solutions to contemporary issues that are found using science and technology, may impact on other areas of society and may involve ethical considerations
---People use science understanding and skills in their occupations and these have influenced the development of practices in areas of human activity
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Planning and conducting
---Collaboratively and individually plan and conduct a range of investigation types, including fieldwork and experiments, ensuring safety and ethical guidelines are followed
---Measure and control variables, select equipment appropriate to the task and collect data with accuracy
--Processing and analysing data and information
---Construct and use a range of representations, including graphs, keys and models to represent and analyse patterns or relationships in data using digital technologies as appropriate
---Summarise data, from students’ own investigations and secondary sources, and use scientific understanding to identify relationships and draw conclusions based on evidence
--Communicating
---Communicate ideas, findings and evidence-based solutions to problems using scientific language and representations using digital technologies as appropriate
--Questioning and Predicting
---Identify questions and problems that can be investigated scientifically and make predictions based on scientific knowledge
--Evaluating
---Use scientific knowledge and findings from investigations to evaluate claims based on evidence
---Reflect on scientific investigations including evaluating the quality of the data collected, and identifying improvements
9
-Science Understanding
--Earth and Space Sciences
---The theory of plate tectonics explains global patterns of geological activity and continental movement
--Biological Sciences
---Ecosystems consist of communities of interdependent organisms and abiotic components of the environment; matter and energy flow through these systems
---Multi-cellular organisms rely on coordinated and interdependent internal systems to respond to changes to their environment
--Chemical Sciences
---Chemical reactions, including combustion and the reactions of acids, are important in both non-living and living systems and involve energy transfer
---Chemical reactions involve rearranging atoms to form new substances; during a chemical reaction mass is not created or destroyed
---All matter is made of atoms which are composed of protons, neutrons and electrons; natural radioactivity arises from the decay of nuclei in atoms
--Physical Sciences
---Energy transfer through different mediums can be explained using wave and particle models
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Nature and development of science
---Scientific understanding, including models and theories, is contestable and is refined over time through a process of review by the scientific community
---Advances in scientific understanding often rely on technological advances and are often linked to scientific discoveries
--Use and influence of science
---People use scientific knowledge to evaluate whether they accept claims, explanations or predictions, and advances in science can affect people's lives, including generating new career opportunities
---Values and needs of contemporary society can influence the focus of scientific research
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Planning and conducting
---Select and use appropriate equipment, including digital technologies, to collect and record data systematically and accurately
---Plan, select and use appropriate investigation types, including field work and laboratory experimentation, to collect reliable data; assess risk and address ethical issues associated with these methods
--Communicating
---Communicate scientific ideas and information for a particular purpose, including constructing evidence-based arguments and using appropriate scientific language, conventions and representations
--Processing and analysing data and information
---Analyse patterns and trends in data, including describing relationships between variables and identifying inconsistencies
---Use knowledge of scientific concepts to draw conclusions that are consistent with evidence
--Questioning and Predicting
---Formulate questions or hypotheses that can be investigated scientifically
--Evaluating
---Evaluate conclusions, including identifying sources of uncertainty and possible alternative explanations, and describe specific ways to improve the quality of the data
---Critically analyse the validity of information in primary and secondary sources and evaluate the approaches used to solve problems
10
-Science Understanding
--Physical Sciences
---The motion of objects can be described and predicted using the laws of physics
---Energy conservation in a system can be explained by describing energy transfers and transformations
--Earth and Space Sciences
---Global systems, including the carbon cycle, rely on interactions involving the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere
---The universe contains features including galaxies, stars and solar systems and the Big Bang theory can be used to explain the origin of the universe
--Chemical Sciences
---The atomic structure and properties of elements are used to organise them in the Periodic Table
---Different types of chemical reactions are used to produce a range of products and can occur at different rates
--Biological Sciences
---Transmission of heritable characteristics from one generation to the next involves DNA and genes
---The theory of evolution by natural selection explains the diversity of living things and is supported by a range of scientific evidence
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Use and influence of science
---People use scientific knowledge to evaluate whether they accept claims, explanations or predictions, and advances in science can affect people's lives, including generating new career opportunities
---Values and needs of contemporary society can influence the focus of scientific research
--Nature and development of science
---Scientific understanding, including models and theories, is contestable and is refined over time through a process of review by the scientific community
---Advances in scientific understanding often rely on technological advances and are often linked to scientific discoveries
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Communicating
---Communicate scientific ideas and information for a particular purpose, including constructing evidence-based arguments and using appropriate scientific language, conventions and representations
--Planning and conducting
---Plan, select and use appropriate investigation types, including field work and laboratory experimentation, to collect reliable data; assess risk and address ethical issues associated with these methods
---Select and use appropriate equipment, including digital technologies, to collect and record data systematically and accurately
--Processing and analysing data and information
---Use knowledge of scientific concepts to draw conclusions that are consistent with evidence
---Analyse patterns and trends in data, including describing relationships between variables and identifying inconsistencies
--Questioning and Predicting
---Formulate questions or hypotheses that can be investigated scientifically
--Evaluating
---Critically analyse the validity of information in primary and secondary sources and evaluate the approaches used to solve problems
---Evaluate conclusions, including identifying sources of uncertainty and possible alternative explanations, and describe specific ways to improve the quality of the data
Senior Secondary
-Science Understanding
--Biological Sciences
--Chemical Sciences
--Earth and Space Sciences
--Physical Sciences
-Science as a Human Endeavour
--Use and influence of science
--Nature and development of science
-Science Inquiry Skills
--Communicating
--Planning and conducting
--Processing and analysing data and information
--Questioning and Predicting
--Evaluating

Friction is a Force - Student Misconceptions

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